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However, if you're in doubt, you can always stick with herd or group. All rights reserved. [24] Another important skill was horsemanship, especially in the Northern Capital Region, where mounted banditry concentrated. Torino, Italy, 1983. ." "Fragments of an Economic Theory of the Mafia." Its meaning has changed across time and across disciplines. Hwalbindang meaning "save-the-poor band" We know that a woman called Mara Bonita died with Lampio in a hail of gunfire in 1938. How authorities have responded to this form of prepotency (either through savage repression or co-option of strongmen) has itself influenced responses to banditry at the local level. Souna is soon rescued by Garami, an Arms Peddler who sells weapons to clients wishing to buy guns. The use of privateers allowed states to project maritime power beyond the capabilities of their regular navies, but there were trade-offs. The Region was agriculturally disadvantaged due to constant flood, and thus the peasants often lived in poverty. The legal term in the Holy Roman Empire was Acht or Reichsacht, translated as "Imperial ban". Cruciverba. In the late nineteenth century Corsican bandits liked to present themselves as "Robin Hood" figures. So a murder of crows is one of the coolest (or at least memorable) animal group names. [33] Such transition was not permanent and could often be reversed. Over 70 percent of the world is covered in water, so you can imagine that its home to a ton of different species. Lsebrink, Hans-Jrgen, ed. The Cuban independence period illustrates both political banditry and the interpretive debates going on in the study of banditry. New York, 1937. Bandits in Peru, Mexico, and Argentina operated in a similar fashion. If youre not sure, you can usually refer to a large collection of a bug species as a swarm (for large groups of flying insects) or colony. A group of travelling merchants are called carvans Why. bevy, family, romp, raft (when floating together). If theres a boat but no water, you need to go back to pirate school. New York, 1979. And "La Carambada," a female bandit who dressed in male clothing, robbed travelers in Quertaro, Mexico, during the mid-nineteenth century. The peak of Catalan banditry was during the reign of Philip III (15981621). In Sicily mafiosi were actively involved in the risorgimento (the nineteenth-century movement for Italian unification), backing the adherents of Giuseppe Garibaldi and managing to wrest effective control of landed estates from the absentee Sicilian aristocracy. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Many bandit groups plagued rural areas, but towns and cities could also be the haunt of the medieval gangster. Encyclopedia of European Social History. Gorriti, Juana Manuela. He eventually settled on robbery. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/banditry, "Banditry Alternatively, the offenders are betrayed by other families, also resulting in their deaths. More than most other social phenomena, the characterization of banditry depends upon how it is approached. As a type of predatory, acquisitive, and violent action by groups of men (sometimes including women), banditry has a long history dating from ancient Greece, Rome, and China. His adventurous life is the subject of many novels, poems, and even movies. This group are usually the bad people. Over time, certain populations picked those words up and ran with them. You should by all means use these collective words to enhance your writing or add a neat flourish to your poetry, but avoid using them as some sort of official scientific designation or (worse) to correct people. Madrid, 1991. When caught and juridically processed, their bodies became the subject of a publicly demonstrated spectacle of state power. (April 27, 2023). An earlier Sicilian novelist, Luigi Capuana (18391915), denied the Sicilianness of the Mafia and brigandage, claiming that, though the Mafia existed in Sicily, it was no different from criminality found elsewhere. However, banditry also arose because throughout Latin American history, elite rule restricted access to economic opportunity and political expression. Conflict and Control: Law and Order in Nineteenth-Century Italy. International Society for Civil Liberties and Rule of Law, a non-governmental organisation, has called on democratic forces in the country to urgently rescue "The Greek Hero." "Il brigantaggio nel Mezzogiorno dopo l'Unit d'Italia." To compound matters, official government sources often purposely blur the distinction between bandit and revolutionary. In certain situations peasants may have preferred the traditional depredations of pastoral bandits to the more extensive, sustained ones of the state, such as taxes, and in other situations the depredations of the potentates' henchmen may have been protected by powerful national interests. Ruber und Gauner in Deutschland. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Domination by the wealthy forced the rural masses to defend their interests through various means. Ortalli, Gherardo, ed. Balboa Navarro, Imilcy. Translated by Sergio Waisman. See more. In Honour and Grace in Anthropology. "Banditry A nineteenth-century observer noted that for the Corsicans the vendetta was a kind of religion. Insects, bugs, those many-legged creatures theyre all around us. The buccaneers primary foe was Spain, which formally controlled Hispaniola and Tortuga and sought to expel the outlaws from its possessions. Wilson, Stephen. The group called on the state government and security agencies to evacuate migrant herdsmen "to where they came from, as was done with Almajiris", to stop the attacks. The word "thug" traces its roots to the Hindi and Urdu word thag, which means thief or swindler, and which itself is derived from the Sanskrit verb sthagati (to conceal).. They personalize the mafioso's or bandit's power and prepotency, generate respect, and emphasize his inalienable symbolic capital.